Whitefish Area Property Owners Association, Relators v. Crow Wing County Board of Commissioners, Minnesota-Iowa Baptist Conference

This opinion will be unpublished and
may not be cited except as provided by
Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).

STATE OF MINNESOTA
IN COURT OF APPEALS
A14-0407

Whitefish Area Property Owners Association, et al.,
Relators,

vs.

Crow Wing County Board of Commissioners,
Respondent,

Minnesota-Iowa Baptist Conference,
Respondent.

Filed February 17, 2015
Affirmed
Peterson, Judge

Crow Wing County Board of Commissioners

John H. Erickson, Brainerd, Minnesota (for relators)

Donald F. Ryan, Crow Wing County Attorney, Brainerd, Minnesota; and

Jason J. Kuboushek, Iverson Reuvers, LLC, Bloomington, Minnesota (for respondent
Crow Wing County Board of Commissioners)

Paul M. Floyd, Wallen-Friedmand & Floyd, P.A., Minneapolis, Minnesota (for
respondent Minnesota-Iowa Baptist Conference)

Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Larkin, Judge; and

Klaphake, Judge.*

*
Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to
Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10.
 UNPUBLISHED OPINION

PETERSON, Judge

Relators Whitefish Area Property Owners Association, et al., challenge the

decision of respondent Crow Wing County Planning Commission to approve respondent

Minnesota-Iowa Baptist Conference’s application to amend a previously approved

conditional-use permit. We affirm.

FACTS

The conference has operated a church camp on a 145-acre tract of land on Big

Trout Lake since 1945. In August 2013, after acquiring an adjacent 100-acre tract of

land, with shoreline frontage on Arrowhead Lake, the conference submitted an

application to amend its 2005 conditional-use permit (CUP) to establish a new camp,

Wild Woods Camp, on the Arrowhead Lake property and on a 40-acre tract previously

owned by the conference but not developed. The conference requested a permit to

construct four housing clusters with five cabins each to house a maximum of 200

children, a dining hall for up to 100 people, rest rooms and a shower house, staff housing

for up to 60 people, a boat and equipment storage building, and a parking area with

luggage depots. The camp will be operated during the summer months and will include a

mini-golf course, target ranges, sports fields, a fishing pond, a waterpark, and an

equestrian center. The camp’s uses of Arrowhead Lake will be limited to canoeing,

kayaking, paddleboating, a motorized boat used by a lifeguard, and cane-pole fishing

from one or two docks. At the existing Trout Lake camp, the conference proposed

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constructing a new office building, converting the existing main office into a multi-

function building, and expanding cabins.

The CUP process was suspended while the Crow Wing County Board of

Commissioners considered a citizens’ petition requesting completion of a mandatory or

discretionary environmental assessment worksheet (EAW). The CUP process resumed

following the board’s denial of the request.1

As part of the CUP process, the county received comments from the Minnesota

Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The DNR recommended:

[1.] Future proposed docking plans should be
submitted to DNR for review of consistency with MN Rule
6120.3800, subp. 6B 2(e) and Minn. Rule 6115.

[2.] DNR has identified the Arrowhead Lake (18-366)
shoreline on the project parcel as Sensitive Shoreline. The
Planning Commission should incorporate conditions in any
CUP approval that preserve the natural shoreline habitat, such
as buffers or more stringent vegetative alteration standards
near the shoreline.

[3.] The project area is located in a minor watershed
designated Enhance-Protection per the County Water Plan.
The proposed CUP Amendment shows 9.6% impervious
surface coverage. There is an opportunity to preserve the
existing undisturbed areas in the project area via restrictions,
covenants, easements, etc., beyond the required 50% for open
space. DNR would support such efforts.

The planning commission held a public hearing on the conference’s application.

At the beginning of the hearing, county staff provided background information about the

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This court affirmed the board’s denial of the request for an EAW. Whitefish Area
Property Owners Ass’n v. Crow Wing County Bd. of Comm’rs, No. A13-2007 (Minn.
App. Feb. 17, 2015).

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conference’s prior CUP approvals and the EAW proceeding. Staff also noted that the

conference had submitted a detailed site plan, an impervious-surface survey, a lighting

plan, a parking plan, a stormwater plan, septic maps, a wetland delineation, and

information regarding screening of the property. In opposing the conference’s

application, citizens raised concerns about increased traffic on County Road 134, noise,

lighting, screening, and potential damage to wild-rice beds and habitat. The conference

responded that it had moved buildings away from the lake to reduce noise, increased

building distances from property lines, and adopted the township’s screening

recommendations for adding evergreen trees instead of creating berms. The conference

agreed to follow the county highway department’s traffic recommendations and the

DNR’s recommendations for vegetation near Arrowhead Lake. The planning

commission noted that the camp’s proposed structures would not be close to neighbors or

Arrowhead Lake and that the increase in impervious surface area would not be

significant.

Following the hearing, the planning commission approved the conference’s

application to amend the 2005 CUP with 14 conditions. The board found that with the

improvements to County Road 134 and the buffers between the improvements and

Arrowhead Lake and neighboring properties, the amendment would have very little

impact. Church camps are a conditional use under the shoreland and rural residential

zoning district, and the proposed expansion was within the 25% allowed under the county

land-use ordinance. The planning commission found that the proposed use would further

the county’s comprehensive-plan policy of maintaining and enhancing parks, recreation

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and open space for residents and visitors while preserving the county’s natural areas and

open space. The planning commission found that the proposed use would not have any

adverse effect on property values and future development in the area or on public utility,

public services, roads, and schools. The planning commission found that environmental

impacts would be minimized by the stormwater plan and septic-system conditions.

This certiorari appeal followed.

DECISION

A CUP is a protected property right that runs with the land. Northpointe Plaza v.

City of Rochester, 465 N.W.2d 686, 689 (Minn. 1991). A county zoning authority may

approve a CUP when the applicant demonstrates compliance with the “standards and

criteria stated in the ordinance.” Big Lake Ass’n v. St. Louis Cnty. Planning Comm’n,

761 N.W.2d 487, 490 (Minn. 2009) (quoting Minn. Stat. § 394.301, subd. 1 (2008)).

Appellate review of a quasi-judicial zoning decision “is limited to an examination of the

record made by the local zoning authority.” Id. In reviewing a zoning authority’s

approval of a CUP, “the reviewing court typically should confine itself at all times to the

facts and circumstances developed before that body.” Id. at 491 (quotation omitted).

[O]ur standard of review is deferential, particularly when the
local zoning authority has made the decision to approve a
conditional use permit. Schwardt v. County of Watonwan,
656 N.W.2d 383, 389 n.4 (Minn. 2003) (noting that “[w]e
have traditionally held CUP approvals to a more deferential
standard of review than CUP denials”). “We review a
county’s decision to approve a CUP independently to see
whether there was a reasonable basis for the decision, or
whether the county acted unreasonably, arbitrarily, or
capriciously.” Id. at 386.

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Id. “For a challenge to a CUP to succeed, there must be a showing that the proposal did

not meet one of the standards set out in the Ordinance and that the grant of the CUP was

an abuse of discretion.” In re Block, 727 N.W.2d 166, 177-78 (Minn. App. 2007)

(citations omitted).

The county land-use ordinance sets forth criteria for the planning commission to

consider when deciding an application for a CUP or an amendment to a previously

approved CUP. The ordinance states:

In considering an application, the Planning
Commission/Board of Adjustment shall determine and make
findings for approval or denial on:
A. The impact of the proposed use on the health,
safety, and general welfare of the occupants in the
surrounding neighborhood;
B. The ability of the proposed use to meet the
standards of this ordinance;
C. The ability of the proposed use to meet goals and
policies adopted within the Comprehensive Plan;
D. The effect of the proposed use on property values
and future development of the land in the surrounding
neighborhood;
E. The effect of the proposed use on public utility,
public services, roads and schools;
F. The effects of the proposed use on the environment
including its impact on groundwater, surface water and air
quality; and
G. The adequacy of water supply, subsurface sewage
treatment system facilities, erosion control and stormwater
management are provided pursuant to applicable standards.

Crow Wing County Land Use Ordinance (CWLUO), § 7.4 (2013). The planning

commission’s findings address all of these criteria. Relators object to the planning

commission’s handling of shoreland impact, traffic, impact on neighbors, and

stormwater.

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1. Shoreland Impact

Conditions 7 and 12 require the conference to “[o]btain [w]ater [a]ppropriation

permits from [DNR] for dockage and any vegetation removal” and prohibit “additional

clearing along the shoreline of Arrowhead Lake other than what is already existing.”

These conditions address two of the three comments made by the DNR, and relators have

failed to show that they do not satisfy ordinance requirements. Relators cite section 7.5

of the ordinance, which states that the planning commission “may impose additional

conditions.” But the term “may” is permissive, not mandatory. See Minn. Stat. § 645.44,

subd. 15 (2014) (stating that when construing statutes, may is permissive rather than

mandatory); see also Eagan Econ. Dev. Authority v. U-Haul Co. of Minn., 787 N.W.2d

523, 535 (Minn. 2010) (stating that rules of statutory construction apply to ordinances).

Relators argue that the CUP fails to adequately protect Arrowhead Lake and its

shoreland. But the record does not contain evidence showing that the activities proposed

for Arrowhead Lake have the potential for negative impact on water quality or habitat.

For example, at the public hearing, concerns were raised about potential damage to wild-

rice beds. But relators cite no evidence that cane-pole fishing or increased use of

Arrowhead Lake by nonmotorized watercraft have any potential to damage wild-rice

beds.

Relators also cite ordinance section 11.5, which establishes performance standards

for the issuance of any permit for a shoreland protection zone or a shoreland buffer zone,

as support for their argument that the commission’s CUP decision was erroneously

premised on a perceived lack of jurisdiction regarding uses below the ordinary high water

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level (OHWL) of Arrowhead Lake. A shoreland protection zone is defined as the area

between the OHWL and a line parallel to the OHWL 500 feet from a lake, and a

shoreland buffer zone is defined as the area between 500 and 1000 feet from the OHWL.

CWLUO, § 46.2. Under the plain meaning of these definitions, the performance

standards in section 11.5 apply only to permits for areas above the OHWL. Relators’

argument, which addresses the area below the OHWL, does not show that the CUP

approved by the commission did not meet the standards in section 11.5.

Relators argue that the CUP approval violates section 11.5.A.1. of the county

ordinance because there is no shoreland-vegetation analysis of record. Section 11.5.A.1.

requires “[a]nalysis of existing shoreland vegetation according to the Crow Wing

Shoreline Rapid Assessment Model and development of a shoreland vegetation

restoration plan, if applicable, as set forth in Article 27.”

There is currently a home on the shore of Arrowhead Lake. One of the conditions

of the CUP is that there can be “[n]o additional clearing along the shoreline of

Arrowhead Lake other than what is already existing.” Relators do not explain how this

prohibition of clearing along the shoreline is not in accord with the Crow Wing Shoreline

Rapid Assessment Model, and they do not cite any provision in Article 27 that requires

development of a shoreland-vegetation restoration plan when clearing is prohibited.

2. Traffic

Relators argue that the commission did not determine and make findings regarding

the impact of the proposed use of County Road 134 on the health, safety, and general

welfare of the occupants in the surrounding neighborhood and on County Road 134. But

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the planning commission found that, with the improvements to County Road 134, the

proposed use will have very little impact on the health, safety, and general welfare of the

occupants in the surrounding neighborhood. The commission also found:

The County highway Department plans for County Road 134
addresses traffic issues with the proposed 3 foot shoulders for
pedestrian [and] bike traffic where there is none currently and
the proposed relocation of the entrance for ingress and egress
along with the five conditions listed in the letter from the
County Highway Department dated 1-15-14.

The five conditions listed in the January 15, 2014, letter are:

1. Eliminating one of the entrances into the proposed parking
lot to maintain adequate access spacing.
2. Constructing a right turn lane into the primary entrance to
the proposed parking lot.
3. Lowering the grade of the crest vertical curve on CR 134
south of Trout Lake Drive to substantially improve sight
distances.
4. Providing three-foot paved shoulders to the entire length
of CR 134.
5. Installing dynamic signing at the intersection of CR 134
and Trout Lake Drive related to pedestrian movements.

The letter also states:

Items 1 – 4 listed above are included in our department’s
2014 resurfacing plans, which are 90% complete and will be
bid in March of 2014. Item 5 above will be provided by the
camp with input from my staff, and we are currently working
with them on the exact materials to be used.

A CUP condition requires the conference to “[c]ontinue to work with the County

Highway Department on the traffic plan for County Road 134 to include but not limited

to the right hand turn lane and pedestrian crossing.”

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 Relators assert that the commission abdicated its decision-making duties in favor

of the highway department and the developer. But the findings and the CUP condition

related to County Road 134 demonstrate that the commission considered and addressed

the impact that additional traffic will have on the surrounding neighborhood. Because

relators have failed to show that granting the CUP was an abuse of discretion because the

planned upgrade of County Road 134 does not meet one of the standards set out in the

ordinance, traffic concerns are not a basis for reversal of the CUP. See C.R. Invs., Inc. v.

Village of Shoreview, 304 N.W.2d 320, 325 (Minn. 1981) (indicating that when there was

a plan for alleviating parking and traffic concerns, those concerns were not a proper basis

for denial of a CUP).

Relators assert that the commission also abdicated its decision-making duties

when it added a condition that the conference “[w]ork with Crow Wing Soil and Water or

other qualified entity to review and address any stormwater concerns on the portion of

Trout Lake Camp lying east of County Road 134” without first having in front of it an

analysis of stormwater run-off followed by some form of plan. But once again relators

have failed to show that the commission’s decision did not meet one of the standards set

out in the ordinance. The commission found that “Proposed Impervious [surface] is at

9.6 percent on the 100 acre proposed expansion area and 7.7 percent on the Existing

Camp area, where 25 percent is allowed under Article 41 of the Crow Wing County Land

Use Ordinance.” Relators have merely cited Article 41 of the ordinance, which addresses

stormwater management, without explaining how the portion of the camp lying east of

County Road 134 violates any provision of the article.

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3. Impact on Neighbors

Relators argue that the planning commission did not address the impact on

neighbors. But the planning commission found that the buffers between camp

improvements and the shoreline and neighboring properties would result in a minimal

impact. Relators refer to “the previously pristine Arrowhead neighborhood” and to the

DNR recommendation that Arrowhead Lake be designated as a sensitive shoreland

district. But the county has not adopted the DNR’s recommendation and has classified

Arrowhead Lake as a recreational-development lake. CWLUO, § 11.2.C, app. A (2013).

That classification means that “[a]t the time of the original classification, [Arrowhead

Lake was] characterized by moderate levels of recreational use and existing development

consisting mainly of seasonal and year-round residences and recreationally oriented

commercial uses.” Id., § 11.2.A.3 (2013). The conference’s proposal is consistent with

Arrowhead Lake’s designation, and there is evidence in the record that it is also

consistent with existing uses and will have a minimal impact on neighboring properties.

4. Adequacy of findings

Relators argue that the commission’s findings are inadequate because they do not

refer to “specific sections of ordinances that apply to the project.” Relators do not cite

any ordinance that requires these references. Instead, they cite the introductory paragraph

of the commission’s findings of fact, which states that “[f]indings shall be made in either

recommending approval or denial of a conditional use permit application, and should

reference specific sections of ordinances that apply to the project.” This introductory

statement simply describes a useful practice to follow when making findings of fact.

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Section references may help explain the rationale for approving a CUP, but they are not

required.

Relators also argue that the commission’s findings are inadequate because they are

“simplistic yes/no responses to the complex problems of planning.” But although the

commission’s findings of fact include “yes” or “no” responses to specific questions, each

“yes” or “no” answer is accompanied by findings of fact. The findings of fact are sparse,

but under our deferential standard of review, they are sufficient to demonstrate that there

was a reasonable basis for the commission’s decision to approve the CUP. The record

contains sufficient evidence to show that the conference’s proposal meets ordinance

criteria and that the commission did not abuse its discretion in approving the CUP

amendment. Although relators raised numerous objections to the conference’s proposal

and the proposed use will change the pristine nature of the property, the record does not

show that the proposal violates the county land-use ordinance. Accordingly, we affirm

the approval of the conference’s proposal. See C.R. Invs., 304 N.W.2d at 325 (reversing

denial of CUP application when opinions expressed by project opponents lacked factual

support); see also Northwestern Coll. v. City of Arden Hills, 281 N.W.2d 865, 869 (Minn.

1979) (“Although neighborhood sentiment may be taken into consideration in any zoning

decision, it may not constitute the sole basis for granting or denying a given permit.”).

Affirmed.

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