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Police also had probable cause to suspect the vehicle contained controlled substances based on their observation of plastic tubing consistent with methamphetamine use, a passenger’s acknowledgment that the vehicle contained “a little bit of weed,” and their discovery of a small amount of marijuana early in their search.3 -13 (Minn. 1990) (stating that the “lawful discovery of drugs” in a vehicle gives “probable cause to believe that a further search of the vehicle might result in the discovery o

d 313, 314 (Minn. 1977) (stating an officer’s observation of “a plastic pill bottle” and knowledge that “this is how people carry narcotics” supported finding of probable cause to search vehicle); - 13 (Minn. 1990) (“[T]he lawful discovery of drugs or other contraband in a motor vehicle gives the police probable cause to believe that a further search of the vehicle might result in the discovery of more drugs or other contraband.” ).

We also reiterate that under Minnesota law, as it stands, the “lawful discovery of drugs or other contraband in a motor vehicle gives the poli ce probable cause to believe that a further search of the vehicle might result in the disc overy of more drugs or other contraband.” -13 (Minn. 1990) (citations omitted).

When probable cause exists, the scope of the warrantless search under the exception extends to closed containers inside of the vehicle and is “defined by the object of the search” and confined to “the places in which there is probable cause to believe [the object] may be found.” United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798, 824, 102 S. Ct. 2157, 2172 (1982)

4 The automobile exception provides that if the police have “probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband,” d 768, 771 (Minn. 2016) (), “they may search every part of the vehicle and its contents which may conceal the object of the search.”

(holding that the “lawful discovery of drugs or other contraband in a motor vehicle gives the police probable cause to believe that a further search of the vehicle might result in the discovery of more drugs or other contraband”).2 Nehring argues that there was insufficient probable cause to sus

When probable cause exists, the scope of the warrantless search under the automobile exception extends to closed containers inside of the vehicle, and is “defined by the object of the search” and confined to “the places in which there is probable cause to believe [the object] may be found.” U. S. v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798, 824, 102 S. Ct. 2157, 2172 (1982)

d 311, 311 (Minn. 1990) (hol ding that “[t]he lawful discovery of drugs or other contraband in a motor vehicle gives the police probable cause to believe that a further search of the vehicle might result in the discovery of more drugs or other contraband”).

Probable cause to search a vehicle “justifies a search of every part of the vehicle and its contents that may conceal the object of the search.”

And, “if probable cause justifies a search of a vehicle for more drugs or other contraband, it justifies a search of every part of the vehicle and its contents that may 6 conceal the object of the search.” (emphasis added).

Probable cause to search for drugs “justifies a search of every part of the vehicle and its contents.”

(holding that “if the police have probable cause to search a motor vehicle for drugs or other contraband, they may search every part of the vehicle and its contents which may conceal the object of the search”).

2013, 2014 , 144 L.Ed.2d 442 (1999); (holding that if police have probable cause to search a *465 vehicle for evidence of a crime, they may “search every part of the vehicle and its contents which may conceal the object of the search”).

2013, 2014 , 144 L.Ed.2d 442 (1999) (a finding of probable cause “alone satisfies the automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment’s warrant requirement”); (holding that, if the police have probable cause to search a motor *781 vehicle for drugs or other contraband, they may search every part of the vehicle and its contents which may conceal the object of the search); review denied (Minn. Jun 25, 1987)

280 (upholding, under the motor vehicle exception, a search in which the police found and seized illegal alcohol only by tearing open the seat covers of the car)

-13 (Minn.1990), the supreme court determined that the police had probable cause to search a bag in the passenger compartment belonging to an individual who disclaimed any connection with contraband which the police had lawfully discovered and which gave rise to probable cause to search the car.

(holding that lawful discovery of drugs justifies search which might result in discovery of more drugs or other contraband).