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Juvenile-delinquency proceedings “must measure up to the essentials of due process and fair treatment.” d 158, 163 (Minn. 2014) (quoting Application of Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 30 (1967)).

Cf. In re Welfare of 6 B.A.H., (“[A] statute is unconstitutionally vague if it affords no guidance to enforcement officials limiting their discretion in determining whether certain conduct is allowed or prohibited.” (quotation omitted)).

Juvenile-delinquency proceedings “must measure up to the essentials of due process and fair treatment.” (quoting In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 30 (1967)).

4 unconstitutional should be exercised with extreme caution and only when absolutely necessary.”

(quotations and citations omitted).

An appellate court presume s statutes are constitutional and will use its power to declare a statute unconstitutional “only when absolutely necessary.”

Minn. Stat. § 645.17 (3) (2016)

Vague statutes may violate due process in at least two ways: (1) they may “trap the innocent by not providing adequate warning of unlawful conduct,” and (2) they may “unleash the potential for unfair and uneven law enforcement by not establishing minimal guidelines.” (quotation omitted).

The problem with a vague statute is that it “lets enforcers define who is a violator in the first place.”

Statutes are presumed to be constitutional and our “power to declare a statute unconstitutional should be exercised with extreme caution and only when absolutely necessary.”