Cited by

Co., (quotation omitted), must be “specifically stated” in pleadings, Minn. R. Civ.

Co., (quotation omitted).

“Special damages are those which are the natural but not the necessary and inevitable result of the wrongful act, ” are attributable to “the special character, condition, or circumstances” of the injured party, and can be assigned “an exact dollar amount.” (quotations omitted).

Co., (quotations omitted).

4 provides that appellate courts “may review any other matter as the interest of justice may require.” We may consider an issue not raised below “when the issue is plainly decisive of the entire controversy on its merits, is raised prominently in the briefing, does not prejudice either party, or involves a question of law not dependent on new or controverted facts.” (quotations omitted).

Appellate courts may, however, “decide an issue not presented to or considered by the trial court when the issue is plainly decisive of the entire controversy on its merits, is raised prominently in the briefing, does not prejudice either party, or involves a question of law not dependent on new or controverted facts.” (quotations omitted); see also Minn. R. Civ.

Co., (quotation omitted).

Co., d 642, 652 (Minn. App. 2019).

Co., (Minn. 1 As seen throughout the re st of this opinion, our casel aw refers to immunity for discretionary “duties” and “acts.” This inconsistent terminology risks confusing the focus of our analysis.

Co., (quotation omitted).