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One recognized exception is the “automobile exception,” which allows a warrantless search of a vehicle if officers “have probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband.”

One of these well-delineated exceptions, the automobile exception, permits police to “search a car without a warrant, including closed containers in that car, if there is ‘probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband.’ ” Lester, d at 771 ( (citing United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798, 809 (1982))).

One recognized exception is the “automobile exception,” which allows a warrantless search of a vehicle if officers “have probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband.” (citing United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982)).

(upholding the warrantless search of a duffle bag under the automobile exception); State v. Ludtke , –14 (Minn. 1981) (upholding the warrantless search of a satchel located in a car, although under a pre-Ross legal framework).

if they have probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband.” (citing United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982)).

4 The automobile exception provides that if the police have “probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband,” d 768, 771 (Minn. 2016) (), “they may search every part of the vehicle and its contents which may conceal the object of the search.”

Under the “automobile exception,” police may search a car without a warrant if there is “probable cause to believe the search will result in discovery of evidence or contraband.” State v. Search , (citation omitted).

“Under the automobile exception to the warrant requirement, police may search a vehicle without a warrant , including any closed 5 containers within the vehicle, if they have probable cause to believe the search will result in [the] discovery of evidence or contraband.” State v. Search

One exception to the warrant requirement is th e “automobile exception,” under which a police officer may search a vehicle without a warrant, including closed containers in that vehicle, if there is “probable cause to believe that the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband.” (quoting State v. Search , ).

“Warrantless searches are per se unreaso nable under the fourth amendment unless the search falls within one of several specific exceptions.” d 850, 852 (Minn. 1991).

One such exception is the “automobile exception,” under which the police may search a car without a warrant, including closed containers in that car, if there is “probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband.” (citing United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982)).

(discussing automobile exception to warrant requirement); see also Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 153 , 45 S.Ct.

(“Under the automobile exception to the warrant requirement, police may search a vehicle without a warrant * * * if they have probable cause to believe the search will result in a discovery of evidence or contraband.”).