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Competency involves a defendant’s ability to consult with his attorney and understand the proceedings against him, while involuntariness involves external pressure or inducement.

ounsel to request a competency evaluation if they, “at any time before or after conviction, doubt[] the defendant’s competency to proceed.” A defendant is competent if they have “sufficient present ability to consult with [their] lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and ha[ve] a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against [them].” (quotation omitted).

“A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.”

“A defendant has a due process right not to be tried [and] convicted of a criminal charge if [the defendant] is legally incompetent.” (citing Drope v. Missouri, 420 U.S. 162, 171 (1975)); -55 ( Minn. 1976) (applying Drope in Minnesota).

“A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or 9 she is legally incompetent.” (citing Drope v. Missouri, 420 U.S. 162, 171 (1975), and Pate v. Robinson, 383 U.S. 375, 378 (1966)) (other citations omitted).

Both the United States and Minnesota Supreme Courts recognize that “[a] defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he is legally incompetent.” Curtis , d at 346 (citing Drope v. Missouri, 420 U.S. 162, 171 -72 (1975); ).

if the defendant due to mental illness or cognitive impairment lacks [the] ability to: (a) rationally consult with counsel; or 7 (b) understand the proceedings or participate in the defense.” Id.

State v. Curtis , (citing Drope v. Missouri , 420 U.S. 162, 171-72 (1975); ).

if the defendant due to mental illness or cognitive impairment lack s ability to: (a) rationally consult with counsel; or (b) understand the proceedings or participate in the defense.” Id.

“A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.” 718 (Minn. 2011).

Because criminal defendants have a due-process right not to be tried while incompetent, Minnesota Rule of Criminal Procedure 20.01 requires the district court to order a competency evaluation if it “doubts the defendant’s competency” at any time.

A defendant is competent to proceed where he “has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understa nding and has a rational as well as a factual understanding of the pro ceedings against him.” Bonga v. State , (quotation omitted).

“A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.”

“[A] defendant’s irrational behavior, his demeanor at trial, and any prior medical opinion on competence to stand trial are all relevant in determinin g whether further inquiry is required.” (quoting Drope v. Missouri , 420 U.S. 162, 180, 95 S. Ct. 896, 908 (1975)).

Conversely, a defendant is competent if he “has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.” (quotation omitted).

“A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.”

Bonga v. State , , 718 (Minn. 2011) (citing Drope v. Missouri , 420 U.S. 162 , 171, 95 S.Ct.

896 , 43 L.Ed.2d 103 (1975) ; Bonga v. State , , 718 (Minn. 2011).

D E C I S I O N “A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.”

er it should have conduc ted further inquiry in to the defendant’s 1 A criminal defendant is competent to stand trial if he or she “‘has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer wi th a reasonable degree of rati onal understanding’ and ‘has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.’” (quoting Dusky v. United States , 362 U.S. 402, 402, 80 S.Ct.

7 “A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.”

See Bonga v. State , (recognizing a defendant’s due-process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he is legally incompetent).

3 D E C I S I O N “A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.”

13 “A defendant has a due process right not to be tried or convicted of a criminal charge if he or she is legally incompetent.”